In bench trials of criminal cases, who determines guilt or innocence and sets punishment?

• A. Jury
• B. Judge
• C. Defense attorney
• D. Bailiff

Answer: (B)

In a bench trial there is no jury, so the judge serves as the decision-maker for both guilt or innocence and for sentencing. The judge weighs the evidence, evaluates credibility, and applies the law to determine whether the defendant is guilty. If found guilty, the judge then imposes punishment within the statutory guidelines. The other roles aren’t responsible for deciding guilt or setting sentences in this setting: a jury would decide guilt in a jury trial, a defense attorney advocates for the defendant, and a bailiff handles security and courtroom management.