If an appeal is granted, what outcomes may occur?

• A. Affirm
• B. Reverse and remand or a new trial
• C. Reverse
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

When an appeal is granted, the appellate court has authority to choose among several outcomes based on what errors were found. It can affirm the lower court’s ruling, meaning the original decision stays in place. It can reverse the ruling, overturning what the trial court decided. It can reverse and remand (or order a new trial), sending the case back to the trial court to address the identified errors, sometimes with instructions or for a fresh proceeding. Because any of these outcomes can result from granting an appeal, all of the above is the correct understanding.